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Gastroenterology Quiz Question Answers (Total 20 MCQs)
Gastroenterology Quiz (Medical) 20 Question Answers
Question 1 |
Blood levels of acetaminophen correlate with the severity of hepatic injury | |
Hepatic injury worsens following starvation | |
Decreased levels of N-acetyl-benzoquinone-imine (NAPQI) are produced in chronic
alcoholics after acetaminophen ingestion | |
Survivors of acute acetaminophen overdose usually have no evidence of hepatic sequelae |
Question 2 |
Infection at birth is associated with high chance of chronic infection | |
Among adults with chronic hepatitis B, histologic features are of no prognostic importance | |
Compared to patients with HBeAg-reactive chronic hepatitis B, patients with HBeAgnegative
chronic
hepatitis
B
have
levels
of
HBV
DNA
that
are
several
orders
of
magnitude
lower
| |
Level of HBV replication is the most important risk factor for the ultimate development of
cirrhosis in both HBeAg-reactive and HBeAg-negative patients
|
Question 3 |
Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) does not increase the likelihood of progression to chronic hepatitis
B | |
Except for severity, chronic hepatitis B plus D has similar clinical and laboratory features to
those seen in chronic hepatitis B alone | |
Distinguishing serologic feature of chronic hepatitis D is the presence in the circulation of antibodies to liver-kidney microsomes (anti-LKM) that is similar to seen in autoimmune
hepatitis | |
None of the antiviral agents for hepatitis B-lamivudine, adefovir, and entecavir-are effective
in hepatitis D
|
Question 4 |
Quantity of alcohol | |
Gender | |
Malnutrition | |
Nocturnal drinking |
Question 5 |
Hepatic fibrosis | |
Arthritis | |
Hypogonadism | |
Diabetes |
Question 6 |
Women with untreated celiac disease can present with infertility | |
Epilepsy is not associated with celiac disease | |
Peripheral neuropathy and ataxia usually respond to gluten withdrawal | |
Splenic atrophy occurs commonly in children |
Question 7 |
The earliest histological lesion is chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis | |
Pruritus that presents prior to the development of jaundice indicates severe disease and a
poor prognosis | |
Up to 10% of patients with characteristic PBC will have features of autoimmune hepatitis as
well and may progress to cirrhosis with the same frequency as typical PBC patients | |
Fatigue of PBC can be successfully treated with UDCA |
Question 8 |
Patients with small amounts of ascites can usually be managed with dietary sodium
restriction alone | |
Random urine sodium-to-potassium concentration ratio less than 1 predicts that the patient
would lose weight if a sodium-restricted diet is followed | |
The 24-hour urinary sodium excretion is a helpful parameter to follow in patients with portal hypertension-related ascites | |
Patients who take 88 mmol per day sodium diet and excrete more than 78 mmol per day of
sodium in the urine would lose weight
|
Question 9 |
The natural history of gallstones in diabetic patients follows the same pattern observed in
non-diabetic persons | |
Escherichia coli infection of the gall bladder cannot lead on to Emphysematous cholecystitis | |
Cholangitis is common in patients with cholecystoenteric fistula | |
ERCP and common bile duct stent placement is indicated in patients with acute cholecystitis |
Question 10 |
Gilbert's syndrome | |
Ileal resection | |
Primary biliary cirrhosis | |
Pernicious anemia |
Question 11 |
IgM anti HBc + | |
HBsAg + | |
IgG anti HBc + | |
Elevated HBV DNA |
Question 12 |
Pancreatic ascites | |
Pseudocyst | |
Biliary obstruction | |
External pancreatic fistulae |
Question 13 |
The hepatic presentation of Wilson disease is more common in younger patients than in
older patients | |
Wilson disease may present in children and young adults with clinical liver disease
indistinguishable from autoimmune hepatitis | |
Fulminant Wilson disease is typically characterized by disproportionately high
aminotransferase levels at the onset of clinically apparent disease | |
Compared with other chronic liver diseases, Wilson disease is rarely complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma
|
Question 14 |
Barium swallow | |
Manometry | |
Endoscopy | |
Confocal laser endoscopy |
Question 15 |
Encephalopathy in acute liver failure is because of portosystemic shunting of toxins | |
Upper motor neuron signs suggest a poor prognosis | |
Serial measurement of factor V levels is a sensitive way to monitor recovery of liver
function over time | |
Transjugular liver biopsy is recommended for prognosis or staging purposes |
Question 16 |
Type 1 HRS presents as a slowly progressive form of renal dysfunction | |
The degree of arterial hypotension and circulatory dysfunction is less in type 2 HRS than
that seen with type 1 HRS | |
Type 1 HRS never develops in patients with type 2 HRS | |
Patients who exhibit high levels of inflammatory response markers prior to the onset of
infection are less likely to develop HRS |
Question 17 |
The most common indication for liver transplantation in children is biliary atresia | |
HIV seropositivity is an absolute contraindication for liver transplantation | |
Tissue typing for HLA matching is required prior to cadaveric transplantation | |
Living-donor transplantation of the left lobe (left lateral segment) is major procedure in
adults |
Question 18 |
Hepatitis A virus | |
Hepatitis B virus | |
Hepatitis C virus | |
Hepatitis D virus |
Question 19 |
Chronic hepatitis B | |
Chronic hepatitis C | |
Chronic hepatitis D | |
Auroimmune hepatitis |
Question 20 |
Viral resistance occurs in 30% of patients at the end of one year | |
The recommended duration of treatment is 6 months | |
The likelihood of HBeAg loss in PEG IFN-treated HBeAg-reactive patients is associated with
HBV genotype A > B > C > D | |
The level of HBV DNA inhibition achieved with PEG IFN is much higher than that achieved
with oral nucleoside analogues |
List |
Gastroenterology Quiz Question Answers (Total 80 MCQs)
Gastroenterology Quiz (Medical) 80 Question Answers
Question 1 |
Hemorrhoidal cushions are a normal part of the anal canal | |
They do not have any role in maintaining continence | |
The acutely thrombosed hemorrhoid can be excised within the first 72 h by performing an
elliptical excision | |
Emergent hemorrhoidectomy for bleeding hemorrhoids is associated with a higher
complication rate |
Question 2 |
The small intestinal migrating motor complexes (MMC's) continue into the colon | |
High-amplitude propagated contractions (HAPCs) are associated with mixing movements
through the colon | |
The predominant phasic contractions in the colon are irregular | |
Short phasic contractions propagate colonic contents |
Question 3 |
Patients with cholangiocarcinoma | |
Patients with chronic pancreatitis | |
Patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction | |
Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma |
Question 4 |
In erythema nodosum, skin lesions develop after the onset of bowel symptoms, and
patients frequently have concomitant active peripheral arthritis | |
Pyoderma gangrenosum usually presents after the diagnosis of IBD and runs a course
independent of the bowel disease | |
Peripheral arthritis is more common in ulcerative colitis, and worsens with exacerbations of
bowel activity | |
The ankylosing spondylitis activity is not related to bowel activity and does not remit with
glucocorticoids or colectomy |
Question 5 |
They occur in both acute and chronic liver disease | |
They are superficial, tortuous arterioles | |
They typically fill from the outwards to center | |
They occur only on the arms, face, and upper torso |
Question 6 |
Largest fraction of bilirubin being unconjugated | |
Kernicterus being unusual | |
The hepatic histology being normal | |
Phenobarbital decrease bilirubin by >25% |
Question 7 |
The ileal disease is usually limited | |
The bile acid pool size is normal | |
There is no response to cholestyramine | |
The fecal bile acid secretion is decreases
|
Question 8 |
The most common type of diverticulum affecting the colon is the pseudodiverticulum | |
Diverticula commonly affect the descending colon | |
The diagnosis of diverticulitis is best made on colonoscopy | |
Younger patients have a benign form of the disease |
Question 9 |
The aminotransferases (transaminases) are not a sensitive indicators of liver cell injury | |
There is a good correlation between the degree of liver cell damage and the level of the
aminotransferases | |
Minimal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations in asymptomatic blood donors usually
indicate severe liver disease | |
In most acute hepatocellular disorders, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is higher than or
equal to the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) |
Question 10 |
The secondary bile acids in humans are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid | |
Bile acids can be absorbed by non-carrier-mediated transport processes in the jejunum,
ileum, and colon | |
Decreased bile acid synthesis is not seen in chronic liver disease | |
Bile acids absorbed from the intestine return to the liver via the lymphatics |
Question 11 |
It is effortless appearance of esophageal contents in the mouth | |
Regurgitation of tasteless mucoid fluid material occurs in severe gastroesophageal reflux | |
Water brash is a form of regurgitation | |
Regurgitation of sour or bitter-tasting material is associated with incompetence of only the
LES |
Question 12 |
It is a congenital condition | |
It is seen commonly in second and third decade of life | |
Squamous cell cancer may develop in Zenker's diverticula | |
Patients with small asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic diverticula should be treated
because progressive enlargement is common |
Question 13 |
Hepatitis A infection | |
Hepatitis B infection | |
Hepatitis C infection | |
Hepatitis D infection |
Question 14 |
The mucosal folds in Me'ne'trier's disease are often most prominent in the body and antrum | |
Histologically, massive foveolar hyperplasia is noted, which replaces most of the chief and
parietal cells | |
Overt bleeding is common | |
Me'ne'trier's disease is considered a form of gastritis |
Question 15 |
Its eggs rapidly die in boiling water | |
Ascaris eggs multiply in the humans intestine | |
Mature male A. lumbricoides are smaller than females | |
Ascaris lumbricoides is the largest of the nematode parasites that colonize humans |
Question 16 |
Congenital microganthia | |
Tetanus | |
Aminoglycosides | |
Basilar meningitis |
Question 17 |
Varices are the most common cause of UGIB | |
Bleeding is self-limited in 80% of patients with UGIB, even without specific therapy | |
Bleeding from Mallory-Weiss tears is usually on the gastric side of the gastroesophageal
junction | |
Blatchford Score is a pre endoscopic scoring system for risk stratification |
Question 18 |
Metoclopramide | |
Tegaserod | |
Aprepitant | |
Erythromycin |
Question 19 |
Early in the course of disease, the pain is disproportionate to the physical findings | |
A normal white blood cell (WBC) count excludes early AMI | |
Plain films of the abdomen usually are normal in AMI before infarction | |
Laparoscopy can be misleading early in the ischemic injury because of the normal
appearance of the serosal aspect of the bowel even if the mucosa is necrotic |
Question 20 |
The liver develops at three to four weeks' gestation as an outgrowing bud of proliferating
endodermal cells from the ventral wall of the foregut | |
It develops in response to signals from the adjacent stomach | |
The hepatoblast are bipotential cells that will differentiate into hepatocytes and
cholangiocytes | |
The hepatoblasts intermingle with endothelial cells as this interaction is necessary to
support hepatic morphogenesis |
Question 21 |
Flatus: Bacterial fermentation of unabsorbed carbohydrate | |
Dermatitis: Deficiency of essential fatty acid | |
Amenorrhea: Impaired absorption of iron, folate, vitamin B
12 | |
Glossitis, cheilosis, stomatitis: Deficiency of iron, vitamin B
12
, folate, and vitamin A |
Question 22 |
For oral candidiasis treatment with oral azoles for one to two weeks is usually effective, even in the late stages of HIV infection
| |
Hairy leukoplakia appears as corrugated white lesions on the middle of the tongue | |
Hairy leukoplakia is usually symptomatic | |
Hairy leukoplakia effectively responds to oral acyclovir and it leads to permanent cure |
Question 23 |
Collateral vessels within the colon meet at the splenic flexure and descending/sigmoid colon | |
Collateral vessels within the small bowel are numerous and meet within the duodenum and
the bed of the pancreas | |
Sudeck point is located at splenic flexure | |
Emboli originate from the heart in majoirty of cases and lodge preferentially just distal to
the origin of the middle colic artery from the superior mesenteric artery |
Question 24 |
A gastric ulcer (GU) that fails to heal after 8 weeks is considered as refractory | |
A duodenal ulcer (DU) that fails to heal after 12 weeks is considered as refractory | |
More than 90% of refractory ulcers (either DUs or GUs) heal after 8 weeks of treatment
with higher doses of PPI | |
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is not a cause of refractory ulcers
|
Question 25 |
Diarrhea because of eating of undercooked hamburger: Salmonella | |
Diarrhea because of eating of fried rice: Vibrio | |
Diarrhea because of eating of mayonnaise or creams: Staphylococcus aureus | |
Diarrhea because of eating of eggs: enterohemorrhagic E. coli (O157:H7) |
Question 26 |
The small intestine resumes activity first followed by stomach | |
Return of bowel sounds ensures propulsive activity | |
Intravenous fluid overload during or after surgery has no effect on recovery of
gastrointestinal function | |
When compared with open surgical procedures, laparoscopy has no effect on the duration
of postoperative ileus |
Question 27 |
About 30% of caloric intake is used for dietary thermogenesis | |
TNF alpha mobilizes energy from skeletal muscles | |
Adipose tissue decreases with age | |
Beginning at about age 60, body weight declines by an average of 0.5% per year |
Question 28 |
It is a large particulate protein | |
It is capable of transactivating the transcription of both viral and cellular genes | |
In the cytoplasm it effects calcium release | |
It transactivates human interferon gamma gene and class I major histocompatibility genes |
Question 29 |
Whipple's disease | |
Cystic fibrosis | |
Somatostatinoma | |
Cirrhosis |
Question 30 |
Whipple's disease | |
Agammaglobulinemia | |
Abetalipoproteinemia | |
Mastocytosis |
Question 31 |
The mainstay of management in autoimmune hepatitis is glucocorticoid therapy | |
Azathioprine alone is effective in achieving remission | |
Treatment is not indicated in the mild forms of chronic hepatitis | |
Antibodies to soluble liver antigen (anti-SLA), actin (anti-actin), chromatin (antichromatin),
asialoglycoprotein
receptor
(ASGPR),
and
liver
cytosol
type
1
(anti-LC1)
have
been
associated
with
poor
treatment
response
|
Question 32 |
Calcium polycarbophil | |
Alosteron | |
Lubiprostone | |
Polyethylene glycol 3350 |
Question 33 |
Chronic idiopathic nausea | |
Functional vomiting | |
Intestinal pseudoobstruction | |
Cyclic vomiting syndrome |
Question 34 |
Recurrent acute appendicitis does not occur | |
Tenderness is sometimes absent in the early visceral stage of the disease, it ultimately
always develops and is found in any location corresponding to the position of the appendix | |
Hyperesthesia of the skin of the right lower quadrant and a positive psoas or obturator sign
are late findings | |
The absence of leukocytosis does not rule out acute appendicitis |
Question 35 |
Gilbert's syndrome: No bilirubinuria, normal liver aminotransferases, elevated alkaline
phosphatase and normal prothrombin time | |
Alcoholic hepatitis: No bilirubinuria, elevated liver aminotransferases, normal or elevated
alkaline phosphatase and prolonged prothrombin time | |
Intra hepatic cholestasis: Bilirubinuria present, normal to moderate elevation of liver
aminotransferases, elevated alkaline phosphatase and normal prothrombin time | |
Chronic hepatocellular disorders: No bilirubinuria, elevated liver aminotransferases, normal
or elevated alkaline phosphatase and prolonged prothrombin time |
Question 36 |
It is dependent on normal renal and bladder function | |
In pernicious anemia, the schilling test becomes normal with intrinsic factor, antibiotics but
not with pancreatic enzymes | |
In chronic pancreatitis, the schilling test becomes normal with intrinsic factor, antibiotics as
well as pancreatic enzymes | |
In ileal disease, the schilling test becomes normal with intrinsic factor but not with
antibiotics and pancreatic enzymes |
Question 37 |
Presence of DQ2 confirms the diagnosis of celiac sprue | |
The small intestinal histopathological features are diagnostic of celiac disease | |
Almost all patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) have histologic changes in the small
intestine consistent with celiac sprue | |
Patients with collagenous sprue generally respond to a gluten-free diet |
Question 38 |
Atrophy of smooth muscle | |
Sub normal resting pressure of the LES with abnormal sphincter relaxation | |
Weakness in the lower two-thirds of the esophagus | |
Incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) |
Question 39 |
Majority of gastric glands are found within the antral mucosa | |
Gastric glands within gastric cardia comprise of mucous neck, parietal, chief, endocrine, and
enterochromaffin cells | |
The resting, or unstimulated, parietal cell has prominent cytoplasmic tubulovesicles and
intracellular canaliculi | |
The parietal cell is usually found in the fundus of the oxyntic gland |
Question 40 |
Chronic pancreatitis: abnormal D Xylose, normal histology, abnormal Schilling test | |
Bacterial overgrowth syndrome: normal D Xylose, normal histology, abnormal Schilling test | |
Ileal disease: normal D Xylose, normal histology, normal Schilling test | |
Intestinal lymphangiectasia: normal D Xylose, normal histology, abnormal Schilling test |
Question 41 |
Abdominal pain has a good predictive value for the presence duodenal ulcer | |
Pain that awakes the patient from sleep (between midnight and 3 A.M.) is the most
discriminating symptom of patients with duodenal ulcer and is not seen in patients with
non-ulcer dyspepsia | |
Gastric ulcers tend to penetrate into the left hepatic lobe | |
Nausea and weight loss occur more commonly in duodenal ulcer patients as compared to
gastric ulcer patients |
Question 42 |
Valsalva maneuver impedes the passage of the food bolus into the stomach | |
The presence of gastroesophageal reflux suggests achalasia | |
Cholecystokinin (CCK) paradoxically causes relaxation of the LES (the CCK test) | |
Sildenafil provides symptomatic relief |
Question 43 |
Patients with acid reflux on esophageal pH testing always report heartburn | |
The physical exam in patients with GERD is usually abnormal | |
Odynophagia excludes esophageal infection | |
Poor dentition may be seen with prolonged acid regurgitation
|
Question 44 |
Nephrosis | |
Congestive Heart failure | |
Cirrhosis | |
Budd Chiari Syndrome |
Question 45 |
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 occasionally causes esophagitis in immunocompetent
individuals | |
Endoscopic biopsy should be taken from the base of the ulcer for correct diagnosis | |
PCR assays are more sensitive than viral cultures for HSV diagnosis | |
Endoscopy shows deep and large ulcers |
Question 46 |
Few of normal human hepatocytes are also binucleate | |
The canalicular domains of two adjacent hepatocytes are sealed at the periphery by tight
junctions (desmosomes), thereby delimiting the bile canaliculus, | |
The flow from hepatocytes into the bile canaliculi is bidirectional | |
There is a bidirectional exchange of liquids and solutes between the plasma and
hepatocytes at the sinusoidal surface |
Question 47 |
Odynophagia | |
Halitosis | |
Recurrent vomiting | |
Occult or gross gastrointestinal bleeding |
Question 48 |
In intestinal obstruction, intestinal gas is composed mainly of nitrogen | |
The pain may become less severe as distention progresses in acute intestinal obstruction | |
When strangulation is present, the pain is usually more localized and may be steady and
severe without a colicky component | |
Abdominal distention is least marked in colonic obstruction |
Question 49 |
Dysphagia is always present when the esophagus cannot distend beyond 2 cm | |
Circumferential lesions produce dysphagia similar to lesions that involve only a portion of
circumferences of the esophageal wall | |
Diseases of the striated muscle do not involve the cervical part of the esophagus but
involve the oropharyngeal muscles | |
Dysphagia due to esophageal muscle weakness is often associated with symptoms of
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
Question 50 |
Striated muscle along with liver plays a role in detoxification of ammonia | |
There is poor correlation between either the presence or the severity of acute
encephalopathy and elevation of blood ammonia | |
There is good correlation of the blood serum ammonia and hepatic function | |
Elevated arterial ammonia levels have been shown to correlate with outcome in fulminant
hepatic failure |
Question 51 |
The gastric cardia herniates across the diaphragm | |
Larynx moves downwards | |
Frequency of slow-wave increases | |
Abolition of orally propagating spike occurs |
Question 52 |
Skim milk is more commonly associated with symptoms of lactose intolerance than whole
milk | |
Slow small intestinal transit increases symptoms of lactose intolerance | |
Reduced levels of colonic microflora decreases symptoms of lactose intolerance | |
Glucose/galactose absorption is rate-limiting step in lactose absorption |
Question 53 |
It may also involve the liver and the pancreas | |
It is a transmural disease | |
Surgical resection reveals granulomas in all the cases | |
Not all patients with perianal fistula will have endoscopic evidence of colonic inflammation
|
Question 54 |
Hepatitis A virus | |
Hepatitis B virus | |
Hepatitis C virus | |
Hepatitis E virus |
Question 55 |
Recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort at least 3 days per month in the last 3 months | |
Onset associated with a change in frequency of stool | |
Onset associated with a change in form (appearance) of stool | |
Criteria fulfilled for the last 3 months with symptom onset at least 9 months prior to
diagnosis |
Question 56 |
Neurotransmitters of the excitatory nerves is vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) | |
Peristalsis at the lower esophagus consists of a sequence of inhibition followed by
contraction | |
Neurotransmitters of the inhibitory nerves is acetylcholine | |
Striated muscle of the diaphragmatic crura have no role as LES |
Question 57 |
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neurotensin, and motilin play an important role in the
pathogenesis of delayed dumping syndrome | |
Dumping syndrome is most noticeable after meals rich in fats syndrome | |
Dietary modification is not an important modality of treatment for patients with dumping | |
Excessive insulin release plays an important role in the pathogenesis of delayed dumping
syndrome |
Question 58 |
Whipple's disease is caused by a small gram-positive bacillus | |
The development of dementia is a relatively late symptom | |
The presence of the T. whipplei bacillus outside of macrophages is a more important
indicator of active disease than is their presence within the macrophages | |
The bacillus, an actinobacterium, has low virulence and low infectivity |
Question 59 |
In normal persons almost 100% of the serum bilirubin is unconjugated | |
In jaundiced patients with hepatobiliary disease, the total serum bilirubin concentration
measured by new, more accurate methods is similar to the values found with diazo
methods | |
In jaundiced patients with hepatobiliary disease, diglucuronides of bilirubin predominate
over the monoglucuronides | |
None of the direct-reacting bilirubin fraction includes conjugated bilirubin that is covalently
linked to albumin |
Question 60 |
Tricyclic antidepressants | |
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose | |
Diuretics | |
Radiation therapy |
Question 61 |
Majority of bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin in senescent red blood
cells and prematurely destroyed erythroid cells in the bone marrow | |
Bilirubin formed in the reticuloendothelium is water soluble | |
The initial steps of bilirubin metabolism occur predominantly in the spleen. | |
The transport of conjugated bilirubin is transported across the canalicular membrane is the
only energy-dependent step in bilirubin metabolism |
Question 62 |
Sensation of "sticking" or obstruction of the passage of food in the pharynx | |
Complete esophageal obstruction | |
Fear of swallowing | |
Sensation of a lump lodged in the esophagus |
Question 63 |
The antigens to which pANCA antibodies are directed are distinct from those associated with
vasculitis | |
pANCA positivity is more often associated primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) | |
Omp C-positive patients are more likely to have internal perforating disease | |
Around 50% of patients with ulcerative colitis have serum reactivity to Cbir1, whereas
Crohn's disease patients have little or no reactivity to this flagellin |
Question 64 |
Finding intestinal metaplasia with goblet cells in the esophagus is diagnostic of Barrett's
esophagus | |
Its incidence decreases with age | |
Established metaplasia regresses with antisecretory treatment | |
Long-segment disease is commoner than the short-segment disease |
Question 65 |
It is a gram-negative microaerophilic rod | |
It is not capable of transforming into a coccoid form | |
Transmission of H. pylori does not occur from person to person | |
H. pylori infection is virtually always associated with peptic ulceration |
Question 66 |
Contraction of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor against the contracted soft palate to
initiate a peristaltic contraction | |
Closure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) as the food enters the esophagus | |
Moving backwards of the larynx as the food bolus is propelled backward by the tongue | |
Activation of oropharyngeal sensory receptors that initiate the deglutition reflex |
Question 67 |
A significant increase in renal calcium oxalate calculi is observed in patients with a small-
intestinal resection with an intact colon | |
Gastric hypersecretion of acid occurs in many patients following large resections of the
small intestine | |
Removal of the ileum and especially the ileocecal valve is often associated with more severe
diarrhea than jejunal resection | |
Absence of the ileocecal valve is associated with a increase in intestinal transit time |
Question 68 |
The development of a perianal abscess is more common in men than women | |
A prostatic abscess may present with similar complaints as peri anal abscess | |
The disease is more prevalent in patients with hematologic disorders | |
Most common locations is intersphincteric |
Question 69 |
Patients with disease that is limited to the distal colon do better than those with extensive
colitis | |
Appendectomy is protective | |
Diarrhea is always present in patients with IUC | |
For following clinical changes in IUC, C reactive protein (CRP) is more sensitive than ESR |
Question 70 |
Leptin increases expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y | |
Leptin decreases expression of alpha MSH | |
Leptin deficiency causes inhibition of hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
and gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) | |
Leptin is produced by stomach |
Question 71 |
The male to female ratio is 1:1 | |
There is increased risk with oral contraceptives | |
Smoking may prevent the disease | |
There is low concordance in monozygotic twins |
Question 72 |
Duodenal tumors constitute the most common non-pancreatic lesions | |
Duodenal tumors are smaller, faster-growing, and more likely to metastasize than
pancreatic lesions | |
Diarrhea is the most common clinical manifestation of ZES | |
Patients with higher gastrin levels (>10,000 pg/mL) have better prognosis |
Question 73 |
It has its own endogenous DNA polymerase | |
It replicates in the liver but exist in extrahepatic sites | |
The envelope protein expressed on the smaller spherical and tubular structures is referred
to as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) | |
The antigen expressed on the surface of the nucleocapsid is referred to as hepatitis B e
antigen (HBeAg) |
Question 74 |
Endoscopic sclerotherapy is the preferred local therapy for control of esophageal variceal
bleeding | |
Bleeding from large gastric fundic varices is best treated by band ligation | |
Pharmacologic therapies that decrease portal pressure have similar efficacy as endoscopic
therapy in preventing re bleeds | |
Endoscopic band ligation has higher complications rate than endoscopic sclerotherapy |
Question 75 |
The degree of serum bilirubin elevation cannot be estimated by physical examination | |
The ability to detect scleral icterus is easy if the examining room has fluorescent lighting | |
As serum bilirubin levels rise, the skin can eventually become green | |
In carotenoderma the yellow coloration of the skin is uniformly distributed over the body |
Question 76 |
Ascending and transverse colon: reservoirs | |
Descending colon: reservoir | |
Sigmoid colon: conduit
| |
Synchronized migrating motor complexes (MMCs) in fed state
|
Question 77 |
It is present in large amounts in diet | |
The stomach is predominant site of absorption | |
It requires pancreatic lipolysis for absorption | |
It is not present in stool |
Question 78 |
Choledochal cyst | |
Autoimmune pancreatitis | |
Primary sclerosing cholangitis | |
Mirizzi syndrome |
Question 79 |
Spy glass endoscopy | |
Capsule endoscopy | |
Spiral endoscopy | |
Single balloon endoscopy |
Question 80 |
It is not a characteristic symptom of reflux esophagitis. | |
It is relieved by lying recumbent. | |
It improves after meals. | |
It can be reproduced by infusion of neutral hyperosmolar solutions into the esophagus. |
List |
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